Infiniti Brakes,Engine(Valves Technology),Interior Design/Trim

BRAKES

Brakes In General

 

The main function of the brake system is to decelerate or decrease the speed of a vehicle. This is done by stepping on the brake pedals which will makes the brake pads compress against the rotor attached to the wheel, which then forces the vehicle to slow down due to friction.

A brake system basically operates by absorbing the kinetic energy of the vehicle mechanically or electrically in order to decrease its speed. In mechanical brakes, friction converts the kinetic energy into heat. In electric brakes, an electric current forces a magnet to apply the brakes.

Types of Vehicle Brake System

• Frictional brakes

The most common brake on vehicle and can be divided broadly into "shoe" or "pad" brakes, using an explicit wear surface, and hydrodynamic brakes, which use friction in a working fluid and do not explicitly wear. Typically the term "friction brake" is used to show that it means that pad/shoe brakes excludes hydrodynamic brakes, even though hydrodynamic brakes use friction.
Friction (pad/shoe) brakes are usually a rotating devices with a stationary pad and a rotating wear surface. Common configurations include shoes that contract to rub on the outside of a rotating drum, such as a band brake; a rotating drum with shoes that expand to rub the inside of a drum, commonly called a "drum brake", although other drum configurations are possible; and pads that pinch a rotating disc, commonly called a "disc brake".

• Pumping brakes

They are often used where a pump is already part of the machinery. For example, an internal-combustion piston motor can have the fuel supply stopped, and then internal pumping losses of the engine create some braking. Pumping brakes can dump energy as heat, or can be regenerative brakes that recharge a pressure reservoir called a hydraulic accumulator.

• Electromagnetic brakes

They are likewise often used where an electric motor is already part of the machinery. For example, many hybrid gasoline/electric vehicles use the electric motor as a generator to charge electric batteries and also as a regenerative brake. Some diesel/electric railroad locomotives use the electric motors to generate electricity which is then sent to a resistor bank and dumped as heat. Some vehicles, such as some transit buses, do not already have an electric motor but use a secondary "retarder" brake that is effectively a generator with an internal short-circuit. Related types of such a brake are eddy current brakes, and electro-mechanical brakes (which actually are magnetically driven friction brakes, but nowadays are often just called “electromagnetic brakes” as well).

Basic Disc Brakes Construction

• Brake rotor/ disc

The brake rotor is a disc that is connected to the hub assembly which is in turn connected to the driveshaft. Because of this, the rotor will turn with both the driveshaft and the wheel. The rotor acts as a friction component and can be clamped down upon to slow the rotation of the rotor and thus the wheel--which slows and stops the vehicle.

• Brake pads

The brake pad is made of a friction material that wears down over time. The purpose of the pad is to push against the brake rotor and provide resistance against the rotor's forward movement. The pad is typically made of either ceramic or a soft metallic substance.

• Brake caliper

The caliper is what holds the brake pad against the surface of the rotor. Inside the caliper is a piston. Hydraulic fluid flows through a rubber hose connected to the caliper which pushes the piston against the back of the brake pad and against the surface of the rotor. The higher the pressure that is applied through the piston, the harder the clamping force that is being generated by caliper against the rotor.

• Hydraulic system

In order to make the entire system work, hydraulic fluid is pumped from a reservoir under the hood of your vehicle, through the brake lines, to the brake caliper. It is crucial that there not be any air in the brake lines or the system will not function properly.

  
Infiniti Brake System

Intelligent Brake Assist(IBA)

Intelligent Brake Assist

1. IBA Introduction

Infiniti’s Intelligent Brake Assist with Forward Collision Warning is similar with Nissan's Intelligent Brake Assist with Rear End Collision which helps warn against a potential collision and can automatically apply brakes in order to help reduce collision speed and impact. Based on statistic, forward collision is most frequent and accounts for approximately 30% of total accidents in Japan. The IBA used laser radar sensor to detects the distance of a preceding vehicle and the relative velocity. When/if necessary, the system will activates the brakes of the vehicle. The vehicle assisting the driver's braking action according to the situation. Intelligent Brake Assist helps avoid forward collisions, and it also works in concert with the Brake-Operated Pre-crash Seatbelts to help mitigate injuries in the event when a collision is unavoidable.

2. IBA Component

i. Radar Sensor
   - detect distance between a car and the car infront.
ii. Brake Actuator
    -
iii. Brake Actuator Controller
     - 
iv. Control Switch
     - 
v. Indicator
    - Display the distance that been detected by radar sensor.
vi. Audible Buzzer
     - provide warning sound to alert the driver about the distance with vehicle infront when the distance is too close.

3. IBA System Operation

When there is a risk of a collision with the vehicle in front and the driver are required to take immediate avoidance action, the system will trigger a warning sound to alert the driver to take prompt action in order to avoid collision with the vehicle infront.

When laser sensor detect crucial distance, it warns the driver.

   
When the forward collision cannot be avoided by the driver's action, the system activates the brakes itself to decelerate the vehicle in order to reduce occupant injuries resulting from the collision.

IBA make braking action after driver cannot avoid the collision.

  
 4. Short video how Infiniti IBA works.

 5. Benefits of IBA

The IBA system help reducing occupant injuries in forward collision. IBA also help driver react by providing sound alarm in order to alert the driver to avoid forward-end collision and even if the driver cannot react in time, the IBA system will assist by braking itself to reduce the damage from forward-end collision.

VALVE SYSTEM

Infiniti Variable Valve Event and Lift System(VVEL)

Basic Structure of VVEL System.

1. VVEL Introduction

As worldwide interests in environmental problems have grown in recent years, lowering the environmental burden through reducing both fuel consumption and exhaust emissions has been an important challenge for automotive engines. On the other hand, enhancing driving performance has still been a strong demand from many customers as one of important appeals of automobiles.

One of the technologies that can enhance both environmental and driving performances at the same time is a variable valve system. Two kind of variable valve systems are already existing, variable valve timing control system (VTC, a cam phaser) for variable cam phasing, and cam-switching-type variable valve lift and timing system (VVL). The new variable valve actuation system called Variable Valve Event and Lift System (VVEL) is developed for freely control all valve opening characteristics, continuously control both lift and event (duration) angle in a wide range. Using the system that developed by Nissan.

VVEL (Variable Valve Event & Lift) is a system that controls valve event and valve lift continuously. Rotational movement of the drive shaft equipped with eccentric cam is transmitted to output cam via the rocker arm and two kinds of links to depress the intake valve. ECM decides the target valve lift according to the driving condition and sends the command signal to the VVEL control module. The VVEL control module controls the rotation of the control shaft using the VVEL actuator motor and changes the movement of the output cam by shifting the link supporting point. As a result, valve lift changes continuously to improve engine output and response. The VVEL system also offers improved emissions and fuel efficiency (over non-VVEL designs) by substantially reducing the intake resistance that occurs when the engine’s throttle valve opening is narrowed and output is low.

2. VVEL Component

• VVEL Actuator Motor

The VVEL actuator motor rotates the control shaft according to the control signal from the VVEL control module. The VVEL control module judges whether the VVEL actuator motor controls the angle properly by the VVEL control shaft position sensor signal.

• VVEL Actuator Motor Relay

Power supply for the VVEL actuator motor is provided to the VVEL control module via VVEL actuator motor relay. VVEL actuator motor relay is ON/OFF controlled by the VVEL control module. In addition, when the VVEL actuator motor relay cannot be controlled by the VVEL control module for some reason, it ON/OFF controlled by ECM.

• VVEL Control Module

VVEL Control Module

The VVEL control module consists of a microcomputer and connectors for signal input and output and for power supply. The VVEL control module controls VVEL system.

• VVEL Control Shaft Position Sensor

VVEL Control Shaft Position Sensor

VVEL control shaft position sensor (1) is placed on VVEL actuator sub assembly and detects the control shaft position angle. A magnet is pressed into the arm on the edge of control shaft. The magnetic field changes as the magnet rotates together with the arm resulting in the output voltage change of the sensor. VVEL control module detects the actual position angle through the voltage change and sends the signal to ECM.

3. VVEL Operation

When VVEL at maximum

ValveLift at maximum

When VVEL at minimum

ValveLift at minimum

4. Short Video how Infiniti VVEL work.

 

5. Benefits of VVEL System

• Improved fuel efficiency and engine torque

Fuel efficiency and engine torque have been improved by substantially reducing intake resistance, which conventionally occurs when the throttle valve of an engine running at low revs is closed.

• Improved throttle response

Throttle response has been improved by directly controlling the amount of intake with the intake valve rather than the throttle valave, where it has conventionally been controlled.

• Reduced HC emissions

By reducing the amount of valve lift when the engine is running at low revs, the intake flow rate is increased and full combustion becomes easier. This reduces emissions of hydrocarbon (HC), which can be produced during partial combustion cycles.

INTERIOR

Infiniti Interior Design/Trim

The interior design for the front passenger from Infiniti

1. Attention to detail 

The interior of the Infiniti G-Coupe put seamless , intuitive technology for customer so they can concentrate on enjoying the trill of the ride. From the feel of the hand-sewn leather steering wheel cover to the carefully calibrated controls that generate precisely the same resistance to passenger fingertips everytime, they will able to feel the attention even to detail. The traditional 'insert key and turn' action , to start the engine has also been change to innovative and simple push start button.

The elegant interior door trim lines are inspired by traditional japanese katana swords , while the striking Fine Vision Electroluminescent illumination on the instrument panel displays seven functions on which all important information is clearly visible.

2. Simple Elegance

Simple button are all aligned for easy to reach

The texture of the softly gleaming aluminium trims bring to mind the elegance of the traditional Japanese stone garden , combining in a single gesture our Japanese heritage and an unashamed modernity and flair. The interior design of the Infiniti G-Coupe give u sense of space and peace , whilst at the same time putting you at the center of the action.

3. Multi-function steering wheel

For increased safety and convenience , the multi-function steering wheel lets you operates the audio system , the cruise control and the telephone without taking your hands or eyes away from the wheels. Life make simple.

another function at multi-function steering wheel

another function at multi-function steering wheel